Current Issue : October - December Volume : 2017 Issue Number : 4 Articles : 5 Articles
Exhaust gas recirculation is a method of reducing the emission of internal combustion engine. The\nprinciple is based on the thermodynamic properties of the exhaust gas, reduction in combustion\ntemperature and hence reduces the emission of the oxides of nitrogen. The technical involves the\nrecirculation of high heat capacity of the exhaust gas to dilute the charges 2.6% of the total exhaust gas\nfrom the engine was recycled from the exhaust gas discharge manifold to the intake manifold. The\nchanges on the parameters of the engine were observed. The resulting data were analyzed graphically. It\nwas found out that the exhaust gas recirculation increased the Brake specific fuel consumption, reduced\nthe flame temperature and the speed of the engine....
This study examines the implementation of a waste heat recovery system on an electric\nhybrid vehicle. The selected waste heat recovery method operates on organic Rankine cycle\nprinciples to target the overall fuel consumption improvement of the internal combustion engine\nelement of a hybrid powertrain. This study examines the operational principle of hybrid electric\nvehicles, in which the internal combustion engines operates with an electric powertrain layout\n(electric motors/generators and batteries) as an integral part of the powertrain architecture. A critical\nevaluation of the performance of the integrated powertrain is presented in this paper whereby vehicle\nperformance is presented through three different driving cycle tests, offering a clear assessment of\nhow this advanced powertrain configuration would benefit under several different, but relevant,\ndriving scenarios. The driving cycles tested highlighted areas where the driver could exploit the full\npotential of the hybrid powertrain operational modes in order to further reduce fuel consumption....
CO2 has a strong impact on both operability and emission behaviours in gas turbine\ncombustors. In the present study, an atmospheric, preheated, swirl-stabilised optical gas turbine\nmodel combustor rig was employed. The primary objectives were to analyse the influence of\nCO2 on the fundamental characteristics of combustion, lean blowout (LBO) limits, CO emission\nand flame structures. CO2 dilution effects were examined with three preheating temperatures\n(396.15, 431.15, and 466.15 K). The fundamental combustion characteristics were studied utilising\nchemical kinetic simulations. To study the influence of CO2 on the operational range of the combustor,\nequivalence ratio (�¦) was varied from stoichiometric conditions to the LBO limits. CO emissions were\nmeasured at the exit of the combustor using a water-cooled probe over the entire operational range.\nThe flame structures and locations were characterised by performing CH chemiluminescence imaging.\nThe inverse Abel transformation was used to analyse the CH distribution on the axisymmetric plane\nof the combustor. Chemical kinetic modelling indicated that the CO2 resulted in a lower reaction rate\ncompared with the CH4/air flame. Fundamental combustion properties such as laminar flame speed,\nignition delay time and blowout residence time were found to be affected by CO2. The experimental\nresults revealed that CO2 dilution resulted in a narrower operational range for the equivalence\nratio. It was also found that CO2 had a strong inhibiting effect on CO burnout, which led to a higher\nconcentration of CO in the combustion exhaust. CH chemiluminescence showed that the CO2 dilution\ndid not have a significant impact on the flame structure....
In opposed-piston, opposed-cylinder (OPOC) two-stroke diesel engines, the relative\nmovement rules of opposed-pistons, combustion chamber components and injector position are\ndifferent from those of conventional diesel engines. In this study, the combustion and emission\ncharacteristics of the OPOC which is equipped with a common-rail injection system are investigated\nby experimental and numerical simulation. Different split injection strategies involving different\npilot injection/fuel mass ratios and injection intervals were compared with a single injection strategy.\nThe numerical simulation was applied to calculate and analyze the effect of split injection strategies\non the combustion and emission after validation with the same experimental result (single injection\nstrategy). Results showed that using split injection had a significant beneficial effect on the combustion\nprocess, because of the acceleration effect that enhances the air-fuel mixture. Additionally, the\ntemperature of the split injection strategies was higher than that of single strategy, leading to the\nnitrogen oxides (NOx) increasing and soot decreasing. In addition, it has been found that the split\ninjection condition with a smaller pilot injection/fuel mass ratio and a medium injection interval\nperformed better than the single injection condition in terms of the thermo-atmosphere utilization\nand space utilization....
Heat recovery bottoming cycles for internal combustion engines have opened new avenues for research into small steamexpanders\n(Stobart andWeerasinghe, 2006). Dependable data for small steam expanders will allow us to predict their suitability as bottoming\ncycle engines and the fuel economy achieved by using them as bottoming cycles. Present paper is based on results of experiments\ncarried out on small scale Wankel and two-stroke reciprocating engines as air expanders and as steam expanders. A test facility\ndeveloped at Sussex used for measurements is comprised of a torque, power and speed measurements, electronic actuation of\nvalves, synchronized data acquisition of pressure, and temperatures of steam and inside of the engines for steam and internal\ncombustion cycles. Results are presented for four engine modes, namely, reciprocating engine in uniflow steam expansion mode\nand air expansionmode and rotaryWankel engine in steamexpansionmode and air expansionmode.Theair tests will provide base\ndata for friction and motoring effects whereas steam tests will tell how effective the engines will be in this mode. Results for power,\ntorque, and ...
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